Plato The Allegory of the Cave Essay Example

Personal Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual Reflection - Essay Example In this course reflection paper, I will talk about trust in God and furthermore to cherish God and my neighbors. Trust is perhaps the hardest characteristic to pick up when managing others, so makes it hard to arrive at that level with God. Trust isn't explicitly referenced much in the book of scriptures, however there are numerous stanzas that address this zone. One such stanza is For I know the plans I have for you, announces the Lord, plans to thrive you and not to hurt you, plans to give you trust and a future.1 This is one of the most remarkable refrains in the good book, yet it is basic also. Anybody could comprehend the importance of this refrain, even the individuals who don't believe themselves to be Christian. The key subject of this stanza is to confide in God since he has the future all mapped out as of now. Such a large number of individuals have worry in their life since they are dubious of what will come straightaway. I learned in this course as a Christian I ought not stress over tomorrow and rather trust God that everything will happen. There are numerous sections in the holy b ook that can be deciphered different ways, however this isn't is nearly perfectly clear. From this section I currently comprehend that God definitely knows my future, thus I should simply confide in him and not stress over my life. The second point I need to address is the most straightforward instruction of all, and that is to adore God and love my neighbor as myself. Jesus said Love the Lord your God with everything that is in you and with everything that is in you and with all your brain. This is the first and most prominent commandment. And the second resembles it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.2 These stanzas are very certain that we should cherish God first and afterward once we have that association we would then be able to move onto the following stage. I should concede that this section is an incredible assistance for Christians who don't have a clue how to live their lives. In the Old Testament there were numerous laws and charges, and it was too hard to even consider following every one of them. Be that as it may,

Fear of Vulnerability and Learning to Trust Again

Fear of Vulnerability and Learning to Trust Again Phobias Types Print Fear of Vulnerability and Learning to Trust Again By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 18, 2019 Caiaimage/John Wildgoose/Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment In This Article Table of Contents Expand From Openness to Closing Off Playing Both Sides From Protecting to Forgiving Embracing Imperfection How to Love Yourself Battling Fear of Vulnerability View All Back To Top The fear of vulnerability is arguably one of the most common fears of all.?? Through my clinical experience, here are some of the ways that I have come to understand this central emotional challenge. From Openness to Closing Yourself Off As small children, we are open and free, sharing all of ourselves with others. As we grow and mature, however, we learn that the world can be a very painful place. We learn that not everyone is on our side, and not all situations are going to go our way. Over time, then, we also learn to protect ourselves. We build walls around our hearts, we convince ourselves that we never really loved that person who hurt us anyway, and we become practiced in the art of denial. Even worse, we begin to believe and internalize negative thoughts and feelings about ourselves.?? As we search for answers to lifes hurts, we often begin to believe that we were responsible for them. Playing Both Sides: Protecting Yourself with Destructive Behavior Although these steps are normal and natural, they are also self-defeating. It is important to learn from past mistakes  and to always strive for personal growth. However, it is equally important to learn to forgive your own lapses. How often are you quick to forgive someone elses mistake, or even truly bad behavior, while continuing to beat yourself up for a mistake that you made? Likewise, building walls create a safe space into which you can quickly retreat, but it also blocks the flow of energy and love in both directions. It is easy to become trapped behind your own emotional defenses, unable to give or receive positive emotions as well as negative ones. This, in turn, leaves many people feeling isolated and alone. The fear of vulnerability often leads people to inadvertently cause pain to others. People with this fear often become distancers, using well-honed methods to keep others at arms length. Some become intentionally buried in work, school, or other activities. Some simply disappear at the first sign that a relationship is becoming intimate. Still, others perform an elaborate dance of push and pull, drawing in a potential partner only to pull away emotionally when the other person gets too close, then drawing that person back in once distance has been reestablished. From Protecting to Forgiving Yourself The fear of vulnerability is ultimately a fear of rejection or abandonment.?? You have been hurt before, so you seek to minimize the risk of being hurt again. However, the best way to minimize the potential damage is not to build walls or try to act according to some self-created checklist. Instead, the solution is counter-intuitive. To combat the fear of vulnerability, you must first learn to love and accept your whole, authentic self. Loving ourselves is one of the toughest lessons we will ever face. We all have flaws, imperfections, embarrassing stories, and past mistakes we wish we could forget. We are insecure, awkward, and desperately wishing we could change certain things. Thats human nature. But the trick is to realize that everyone feels this way. No matter how successful, how beautiful, how perfect someone appears, he or she has the very same awkwardness, insecurity, and self-doubt.?? Embracing Imperfection Think of the most dynamic person you know, the one who always knows just what to say or do, who has the perfect outfit for every occasion and can simultaneously juggle a baby and a briefcase while standing on the subway. What if he or she said something dumb? Would you hold a grudge? What if that person snapped at you? Would you find that unforgivable? Of course not. You understand that others are imperfect, that they have good days and bad days, that they have flaws and blind spots and moments of weakness. But thats not what you remember them for. You remember their triumphs and shining moments and love and light. So why treat yourself any differently? Why beat yourself up for the things that you easily and quickly forgive in others? Why do you automatically assume that others will judge you more harshly than you judge them? How to Reduce Negative Self-Talk for a Better Life How to Love Yourself To learn to love yourself, begin by acknowledging yourself as a whole human being, flaws, imperfections and all. Own and embrace your past mistakes, but realize that they dont define your present or your future.?? Apologize to anyone you feel you have significantly wronged, and then move on. Forgive yourself. Moving forward, try to live by a few simple truths: You Are Important: Like George Bailey in Its a Wonderful Life, the simple fact that you exist has a ripple effect beyond your imagination. You may never truly know whose lives you have touched, and what the repercussions may be, but they are there all the same.Embrace Your Dark Side: Not only do your mistakes make you human, but they give you a wealth of experiences to draw on when helping others. Using your past for good is one of the strongest ways to connect with your entire self.Stop Trying to Prove Your Value: Humans, especially those with a fear of vulnerability, are always trying to show how worthwhile we are. We worry that if we dont somehow earn our keep, people will stop caring for us. Invariably, we get exactly what were unconsciously asking for: a string of people interested in what we can give instead of who we are. To turn this around, offer the most precious gift of allâ€"yourselfâ€"rather than trying to be all things to all people. That doesnt mean you should stop per forming kindnesses for others, but make offerings based in love rather than fear or self-judgment. Battling Fear of Vulnerability As you truly learn to accept and love yourself, you will find it easier and easier to show true vulnerability. If your sense of self-worth is strong, then you will no longer need others to define it or prop it up for you.?? You will be able to walk away from those who treat you with disrespect and attract those who treat you well. However, getting from here to there is never easy. Professional assistance is often required, particularly if your fear is deep-seated and long-lasting. Many people seek the advice of a respected mental health professional, while others find solace in spiritual counseling. Whatever path you choose, finding freedom from the fear of vulnerability is a truly life-changing experience.

Do Electronic Voting Machines Improve the Voting Process

Do Electronic Voting Machines Improve the Voting Process? The electronic voting machine embraces an electronic means of efficiently casting a vote and electronic means of accurately counting votes. Electronic voting machines, can also display election results and because of controversies associated with their operation audit trail, information can also be obtained. There are many types of electronic voting systems: paper based electronic voting system; which provides a paper ballot to be marked by hand but counted electronically. Pressing buttons or using a touch screen can operate a direct recording electronic voting machine either mechanically or electrically. This machine stores the voting data in a memory bank as a printed†¦show more content†¦The downside to this approach more telephone transmission systems are increasingly being connected to the Internet therefore a DRE might be subject to attack via the Internet. Also, if encryption and verification are inadequate oh tabulations could be compromised. DRE is better eq uipped to help the disabled voter. With touchscreen technology, audio ballot and other adaptive devices, it makes it possible voter with a disability to cast an independent vote. â€Å"Very few of our members were able to vote privately, independently, despite Santa Clara Countys supposed accessible touch screens† (Wilcox as cited in Ackerman, 2004). According to Ackerman (2004), â€Å"Among the criticisms provided by voters was poor sound quality, delayed response time and braille that was positioned so awkwardly it could be read upside down.† Voter-verified paper audit trails (VVPATs) are an important mechanism that supports transparency in electronic voting machines. Federal law requires voter verified paper audit trail or (VVPAT) for Direct Recording Electronic (DRE) voting machines. The ideal behind VVPAT is to allow voters to basically disregard the functionality of the computerized voting terminals and know that as long as the VVPAT matches their intent, th eir vote will be counted correctly. Voting systems connected to the Internet are subject to the threats of computer technology. However Voter Verified Paper Ballot (VVPB) provides an auditable way to assure votersShow MoreRelatedAmerica s Voting Equipment s Major Problem? Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesJessie Sisavat Professor Smith Pols 116 December 13, 2016 What Is America’s Voting Equipment’s Major Problem? For several decades, the American people have been skeptical if their votes count due to the uncertainty of various voting methods. The election process is marred with dissatisfaction and inaccuracy in governmental elections. Voting means a lot to citizens because it is what gets the people’s voices heard. There are voters that are uncertain of trusting the candidates that will make theirRead MorePros And Cons Of Electronic Voting Machines1396 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 2017.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Electronic Voting Machines   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moving away from electronic voting and finding an alternate way to vote that is the most precise and secure course of action. Voting is the process by which a person or group of people formally express their opinion. In the U.S., a citizen must be at least 18 years for them to vote, and voting is voluntary; a person can’t be forced to vote nor can he or she forceRead MoreThesis1205 Words   |  5 PagesRationale: Electronic Voting for Global Vote for Rights by Children International – Tabaco is joining at the World Children’s Prize. It is an education program for all children. Their goal is to become more humane world, where children’s rights are respected by all. And there will be a new way of voting and to make voting process faster and easier. More than 2000 youth ages 12 – 18 yrs. Old are going to vote, first they will have their registration of the participant, next followed by voting process by ElectronicRead MoreSecurity Analysis Of An Electronic Voting System1364 Words   |  6 PagesSecurity Analysis of an Electronic Voting System Abstract Fundamental right to vote or simply voting in elections forms the basis of democracy. Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) is a simple electronic device used to record votes in place of ballot papers and boxes which were used earlier in conventional voting system .With significant U.S. federal funds we now have replaced the outdated punch-card and mechanical voting systems, and are adopting paperless electronic voting systems from a number ofRead MorePros and Cons of Electronic Voting Essay3245 Words   |  13 PagesStrengths of E-Voting 7. Weaknesses of E-voting 8. Voting system Requirements 9. Conclusion 10. References Introduction: Electronic voting machine has now become an effective tool for voting. It mainly ensures flawless voting and thus has become a more widespread. Also those kinds of machines make human effort less and they are more economical. It is also free and very comfort in the part of voter. Electronic voting which is otherwise known as e-voting, used by electronic systems for representingRead MorePurpose Of The Disability Voting Rights1503 Words   |  7 PagesPurpose of the Disability Voting Rights Paper This paper argues the disabled communities do not enjoy full voting rights to participate in the political system. There are several political factors that explain why the concerns of the disabled communities have largely been ignored or not adequately addressed. The Committee of Seventy is an organization with strong political influence over the elections held every year in the City of Philadelphia, PA. The organizational enjoys a great reputation amongRead MoreThe Importance Of A Democratic Country Public Opinion2271 Words   |  10 Pages 1. Introduction For a democratic country public opinion is the most important determinant to establish a government and voting is the process through which people display their opinion and help to setup a democratic government. So the voting system should be reliable, accurate and it must be transparent. In voting systems, three important requirements are identified: †¢ Universal verifiability: After the election any party, including a passive observer, can convince himself thatRead MoreElectoral Malpractices2035 Words   |  9 PagesElectoral Malpractices Electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an election. Acts of fraud affect vote counts to bring about an election result, whether by increasing the vote share of the favored candidate, depressing the vote share of the rival candidates, or both. Many kinds of election fraud are outlawed in electoral legislation, but others are in violation of general laws, such as those banning assault, harassment or libel. Although technically the term electoral fraudRead MoreMobile Voting System7105 Words   |  29 PagesSTUDY OF SMS SECURITY AS PART OF AN ELECTRONIC VOTING SYSTEM A thesis Submitted to the Department of Computer Science Engineering Of BRAC University By Chowdhury Mushfiqur Rahman ID: 02101108 Shah Md. Adnan Khan ID: 01201055 In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Of Bachelor of Computer Science Engineering May 2006 BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh DECLARATION I, Chowdhury Mushfiqur Rahman, University ID: - 02101108 have completed some modules of our proposed ThesisRead MoreRole of the computer system in different environment1597 Words   |  7 Pagessystem? Computers are extremely important in the modern world of today. In the fast moving life of the modern world of today, computers hold incredible significance. Many of us will feel cripple without a computer, as we have gotten so used to this machine. The importance of computers cannot be denied in the corporate or business world, at the work place and even in ones personal life. In the modern work place, pen and paper are becoming fade away. It will not be long, before pen and paper stop

Is biological pest control better than chemical pest control Free Essays

Food is vital for humans to survive, the population of the world is immense as it approaches 6 billion and all these humans need to be fed on a continual basis. Therefore, a large quantity of food needs to be produced rapidly and on a very large scale. Generally farmers across the western world do produce food very quickly and efficiently and there tends to be a surplus of food, whereas, in less developed countries they have a shortage of food. We will write a custom essay sample on Is biological pest control better than chemical pest control? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due to the size of the world’s population and it’s high levels of demand for food farmers are unable to leave crops alone and let them grow naturally. Read this  Respiratory Activity For example, one-third of the crops that are grown worldwide are spoiled by pests, animals particularly insects and many plants. Certain types of crops grow better in certain set conditions and there are many different factors which effect the crop yield. Crops grow by photosynthesis, the environmental factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis, are light intensity, concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, and the surrounding temperatures. All the requirements for photosynthesis need to be available at a good rate and supply, the light intensity which is usually supplied by the sun needs to be at suitable intensity, which means the crop will only grow certain times of the year due to the amount of light available. The same applies to the concentration of carbon dioxide, which usually does not tend to cause a problem, as there is ample supply of carbon dioxide in the surrounding air, however if it is ever to run low the crops will not grow. The temperature is another factor which has a huge effect on the growth of crops, if the temperature is to get too high this would prevent any growth of the plant as it would not be able to deal with the extreme temperature killing off the chlorophyll that the plant requires to grow. However if the temperature is decreased to a very low temperature this will restrict any growth, as the plant will not be able to function properly. Therefore, all these factors need to be at the correct rate for the crop to be able to grow sufficiently. Many different types of crops such as maize, corn, wheat, rice, fruit and vegetables are grown at different times throughout the year and most farming is usually based on monoculture. Which is where one type of crop is grown in a certain piece of land, this technique of mass production tends to cause many problems and is not as straight forward as it seems. If crops are growing extremely well and conditions are correct and all the crops have all their requirements at the right rate and intensity there is still one other factor which would still prevent a perfect yield from being produced which are known as pests. These pests still destroy all crop yields, by destroying the crop its self and restricting growth in certain ways. When crops are grown they are just like plants in that they compete for mineral ions, water from the soil and light, however when crops are grown using the monoculture method there usually isn’t a problem because it’s the same crop being grown and so the conditions can be controlled. However, the problems that do arise is that if there is a large concentration of the same crop in one area and they are all in close proximity to each other then there is the potential of the crop being infected by diseases, fungi, unwanted plants and insects which will then lead to the rapid destruction of large areas of the crop. There are a number of different pests, for example, insects, fungi and weeds that effect individual crops in different ways; like insects, fungi and weeds. Weeds are plants that grow in places we do not want them to grow and there optimum growth occurs in ground disturbed by human activity. They compete with cultivated plants for space, water and minerals. Worldwide, about 10% of crop yield are lost because of weed growth. Weeds tend to come in different sizes and they can be long and the same length as the crops, which means their roots are able to reach deep into the ground and take the nutrients, they require leaving many shortages for the crops. Also weeds can sometimes have broad leafs that cover the crops and so take all the sunlight and restrict the amount of sunlight reaching the crop. The competition between the crops and weed, which is organisms of different species, is known as interspecific competition. Occasionally you may come across weeds that are very small and do not do any real harm to the crops. The insect pests work in many different ways, each kind of plant has its own species of aphids, and these little creatures have small mouthparts, which they use to suck sap from plants. The loss of sap can be harmful to the plant in many ways in that, it can cause leaves to curl up and become distorted. The leaves are the place where photosynthesis takes place; the curled up leaf leaves the plant unable to photosynthesise efficiently and so can leave the plant stunted. Another way in which aphids can effect crops are, that as the aphids suck in the sap if that crop was diseased they could pick up the disease or virus and then go suck on another plant which would then pass the disease or virus on, which would spread the disease to many plants, any organism which spreads disease or viruses from host to host is known as a vector. Also if the aphids take in to much sap they tend to secrete it through their abdomens, this is usually a sticky honey dew which forms a sticky droplet which attracts ants, which then attack the crop even further. So altogether there are a number of ways in which crops are prevented from being grown. The ways in which these pests can be controlled and crops can be grown without too many problems is that we can put into the environment a chemical substance that kills the pest, which is called pesticides, or we can put into the environment another organism, which kills the pest, which is known as biological control. A pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or repelling any pests. Chemical control is the use of pesticides. Insects, which eat crops, can be killed with insecticides. Fungi, which grow on crops, are controlled with fungicides. Weeds, which compete with crop plants for water, light and minerals, can be controlled with herbicides; pesticides are usually applied as pellets, powders or sprays. Many different chemical substances are used as pesticides; there are contact pesticides, systemic pesticides and residual pesticides. The contact pesticides are used as spray as they are sprayed straight on to the crop where the pests are living and as the contact insecticides spray comes in contact with the insect, the insect tends to absorb it in through its gas-exchange pores, the spiracles, along its body. This is where it attacks the insects and poisons them. The same process occurs with contact herbicides and fungicides the surface of the plant absorbs the poison through, and so the poison then attacks it there. This method is not very expensive however they need to be reapplied continuously as there are always pests, which are missed out, and the affect of it does not last very long. Systemic pesticides work in a similar way as they are sprayed straight on to the crop where the leaves and surface of the plant absorbs it in and so it is transported all around the plant. Therefore, whenever a sap-sucking insect comes along it sucks the poison into its body, and this eventually results in the killing of the creature. This method for systemic insecticides is very effective because the spray does not have to come into contact with the insect so it only attacks the insects that attack the crops. Systemic herbicides are also quite effective in that they are able to be sprayed onto the surface of the leaf where they get absorbed and then have that poison transported all along the weed killing off the tissue and even reach the roots. Residual pesticides can also be quite effective, as they are also sprayed directly on to the soil and instead of attacking the actual insect or weed they attack any insect egg and larvae, and weed seedling as they germinate. All these methods are used for chemical pest control; chemical pest control is very effective in that this is the most popular method in the UK for farming large number of crops, to provide the large population of the UK. However even though chemical pest control is very effective and is very popular there are a number of disadvantages of using chemical pesticides. Firstly, chemical pest controls involve many chemicals that can be very dangerous if they are not monitored correctly. Therefore, chemical pest controls must be safe for farmers to use and must not damage the environment. To provide this there must be continual testing and development carried out on all pesticides. This can be very expensive and this expense will be passed onto the farmer in the form of the pesticide costing a huge amount of money. This expense is taken by the farmer on the premise that it will assist in the good growth of his crops, however, the disadvantage being that it may not work at all! It is also known that pesticides damage the environment a great deal, Pesticides can badly affect wildlife through changes in the food web, direct and indirect poisoning. And their harmful effects may show up in animals, which have no direct relationship to the original pest. In that in the 1950’s many of the pesticide used did a lot of damage to the environment especially one DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane). It was used to kill insects, however people didn’t realise that it is a persistent insecticide, which means it doesn’t break down but remains in the body of insects and the soil. So whenever a bird or other organisms ate the insects they ate the DDT too. And so the DDT stayed in their bodies and just began to accumulate. Also as well as being persistent it was also non-specific as most pesticides are. This means that it not only harms the insect it’s meant to but also harms other living things. For example in the 1960s, the gannet population in Quebec began to shrink. The shells of the gannets’ eggs were too thin to protect the embryos. Once the egg had been examined they realised DDT was the culprit. Because there where large concentration of DDT in the birds because of all the pests they had consumed which had been sprayed with it. Many other birds such as ospreys, eagles and peregrine falcons also had been affected greatly and populations of those birds had declined. Also all the chemical sprays that are sprayed into the air will have a great effect on the atmosphere. So many pesticides harm the environment a great deal, even though many tests are done before hand. Pesticides also change wildlife habitat, for example if a herbicide was put down on certain plants or vegetation, animals that depend on that piece of vegetation find it difficult to live any longer and so slowly will begin to die out, and so if they begin to die out then the population of their predator that relies on that particular creature, will begin to decrease. Another problem, that that may arise is if a particular pesticide is used a lot the pest may eventually become resistant to it. The pesticide no longer kills the pest and so a new one has to be developed at all times which results in more resources and cash flow being ploughed into developing and testing. Also once the pesticides are applied, they can be used up quickly and if it rains they sometimes need to be reapplied which takes much time and effort because special clothing and safety measures need to be carried out each time. The most important disadvantage of using chemical pesticides are that the crops that have been produced using pesticides are now covered with chemicals which we will now eat and which can be very harmful for us. Another major harm to humans is to farmers, who are using the pesticides and are in contact with it on a continual basis and it has led to them becoming extremely ill, for example, in parts of the UK, farmers and their families are being diagnosed with illnesses, which are associated with pesticide poisoning. Such conditions as multiple sclerosis that are occurring in many of the farmers, especially in the cases where they use sheep dipping as part of their work. Also in less developed countries the farmers are effected a lot more because they do not have all the specially designed clothing which they require and so in places like Malaysia and Sri Lanka, 7 to 15 per cent of farmers experience poisoning at least once in their lives. The advantages of using pesticides are that all these chemicals do produce the maximum amount of food, which is very cheap for the consumer, because the farmers are able to produce on a mass scale, using the chemicals to make sure they have a high-quality crop yield. Also pesticides work very fast and most of the time instantaneously, once applied to the ground. With pesticides you usually have a guarantee that they will work and be extremely effective, and solve the pest problem. Chemical pest control is one way to control pests even though there are a number of disadvantages, however the other way to stop pests from destroying crops are by biological control. Biological control is not using chemicals but the use of a specially chosen living organism to control particular pests; the chosen organism may be a predator, parasite or disease, which will attack the harmful insect. It is a form of manipulating nature to increase a desired effect. Examples of this are usually A bluebird: it eats insects to prevent damage to trees and gardens. They are found throughout the United States, UK and Canada A ladybird beetle: it eats small soft insects, which prevents damage to fruit and crops. They are found throughout North America. A garden spider: consumes insects with wings by catching them in a sticky web that it spins. Usually found in America and UK. Biological control is usually done in three ways known as classical biological control, conservation and augmentation, these are three ways to use these natural enemies against unwanted insect pest population. Classical biological control is to import which involves travelling to the country or area from which a newly introduced pest originated and returning with some of the natural anomies that attacked it and kept it from being a pest there. New pests are constantly arriving accidentally or intentionally. Sometimes they survive. When they come, their enemies are left behind. If they become a pest, introducing some of their natural enemies can be an important way to reduce the amount of harm they can do. The second method is conservation; conservation of natural enemies is an important part in any biological control effort. This involves identifying any factors that limit the effectiveness of a particular natural enemy and changing them to help the beneficial species. Conservation of natural enemies involves either reducing factors, which interfere with the natural enemies, or providing needed resources that help natural enemies. The final method is augmentation; augmentation is a method of increasing the population of a natural enemy, which attacks a pest. This can be done by mass producing a pest in a laboratory and releasing it into the field at the proper time. Another method of augmentation is breeding a better natural enemy, which can attack or find its prey more effectively. Mass rearing can be released at special times when the pest is most susceptible and natural enemies are not yet present, or they can be released in such large numbers that few pests go untouched by their enemies. The augmentation method relies upon continual human management and does not provide a permanent solution unlike the importation or conservation approaches may. There is also another way in which pests can be controlled using the biological control method, which is known as Biochemical pesticides these are natural occurring substances, which are safe. This is because most plants and animals produce chemicals that can be used, as pesticides, the oils and seeds are usually the substances, which can be pesticides. For example many insects produce chemical substances called Pheromones, which attract the opposite sex. Synthesised pheromones are sometimes used to attract pest insects into traps. The traps are usually sticky which hold the insects and so enables you to get rid of them by killing off the insects. Another method of biological control is crop rotation this helps to discourage pests. Since different pests affect different crops, crop rotation can be very effective method of pest control. Using crop rotation means that there is high possibility of pests dying out before the same plant is grown on the soil again. In many cases, removing their preferred food and shelter can control pest populations. Examples of crop rotation are below. Year1: potatoes – may be affected by potato cyst eelworm Year 2: cabbage – may be affected by clubroot and brassica cyst eelworm Year3: beans – root nodule bacteria improve soil nitrate supply All these methods of biological controls can be used however they also have many disadvantages to them, just as chemical control biological control takes more intensive management and planning. It can take more time; require more record keeping, more patience, and sometimes more education or training. Because a successful use of biological control requires a greater understanding of the biology of both the pest and its enemies. Also often the result of using biological control is not as dramatic or quick as the results of pesticide use, which can react very quickly. The aim is not to wipe out the pest because this could be counter-productive. If the pest were reduced to such an extent that it no longer provided enough food for the predator, then the predator in its turn would be wiped out. The few remaining pest could then increase their population rapidly, in the absence of the controlling agent. The ideal situation is where the controlling agent and the pest exist in balance with one another, but at a level where the pest has no major affect on the crop yield. Even though biological control has disadvantages it also has many advantages. Biological control, overall is a far safer method as it reduces the environmental and public safety hazards of chemicals, as the food we are eating is not covered with poisonous sprays and the air is not being polluted by sprays which we breath in that can be quite harmful to us. Also biological control is cheaper for the farmer to use overall because like pesticides they don’t have to be reapplied continuously, once they have been introduced they begin to work and consume the pest, so together its cheaper and less time consuming and easier to apply. Another advantage of biological control is that the pest are less likely to become resistant to the control organism then they are to pesticides, which means unlike pesticides a new pesticide doesn’t have to be developed on a regular basis. Also unlike most insecticides biological controls are often very specific for a particular pest. The biological and chemical controls of pests work very well individually however the two can be used together, this is known as integrated control. This method can be very successful as was shown in Indonesia in 1970’s, when they began to use large numbers of pesticides to control the pests to produce high yields strains of rice. There where a lot of brown planthopper pests, and so farmers found them selves spraying up to 8 times a season, to get rid of the pests however it was later discovered that the insecticide was the problem of the large number of these pests. This is because the sprays had wiped out all the natural predators of the pest, particularly the spiders and yet only had a limited effect on the pest its self. So it was here that the integrated control was introduced. With integrated control the use of pesticides is always the last resort with the minimum amount used. This then prevents pests and enables large healthy yields of crops without using too many pesticides, which have many disadvantages. However using integrated pest management is not always easy, the technique requires time, knowledge and dedication on the part of the farmer. Overall when using pest controls there are a number of factors to consider, to get maximum effect and sustain pest control. The important factors to consider are how efficient each method is at controlling the pest, the cost, damage that might be caused to the environment, and possible health hazards. When considering how efficient each method is at controlling pests I think both are quite good in their own way in that biological control is aimed at the one pest whereas chemical pesticides tend to infect all insects and plants that they are sprayed on. However at the same time chemical works a lot faster and targets the problem more efficiently whereas biological takes a lot more time to establish its self to the environment and take effect. The cost is a lot cheaper for the biological, because even though it costs a lot to research and develop to make sure everything is correct and working well, it doesn’t cost the farmers a lot to get the method started, and once it has been applied it doesn’t have to be re-applied continuously like chemical control. Also with chemical control there is the extra cost on top to develop and test the chemical product, also new chemical products need to be developed continuously at all times because pests become resistant to them quickly unlike biological control. Even though biological requires a lot of development, training and testing it only has to be done once and then there usually is a result, and doesn’t have to be repeated over and over again to develop new pesticides like chemical control. Damage that might be caused to the environment is mostly caused by chemical control because there are a number of pollutants sprayed into the air, which infect the atmosphere, and there are a lot of chemicals going in to the soils, which also damages the soil. Also if pesticides are persistent a large concentration can be built up in different animals, which can cause problems and be dangerous to those animals. Additionally pesticides are not selective and harm creatures that don’t need to be infected; also a number of habitats can be destroyed when certain plants are killed. Whereas biological don’t have any environmental effects and so biological controls would be a better one to use. Possible health hazards are that chemical controls can be dangerous to the people who have to apply them to the ground and also the food we eat has absorbed the spray and so they can infect us and harm our bodies. However biological controls do not have any health hazards, therefore, are very safe and is the better one to use. In addition in the developed world we have become increasingly concerned about the long-term effects that chemical pesticides and herbicides may have on us as we eat our well-sprayed food. We have also become progressively greener over recent years, with more and more people expressing concern over the future of the earth and our effect on it. Substituting biological control for chemical intervention therefore seems like a very good idea. The developing world cannot yet afford such concerns the main struggle for many developing nations is to be able to feed all their hungry mouths. But in these countries too the cost of chemical control and the increasing resistance of pests to the expensive chemicals are adding another powerful voice to the arguments in favour of biological control as an integrated part of pest management. So overall the one I think is best and has least problems and safest to use is the biological controls. How to cite Is biological pest control better than chemical pest control?, Papers

The Cave Art Paintings of the Lascaux Cave Essay Example For Students

The Cave Art Paintings of the Lascaux Cave Essay Paintings and engravings found in caves along walls and linings are referred to as parietal art. The caves where paintings have been found are not likely to have served as shelter, but rather were visited for ceremonial purposes. The second category, mobility art, includes small portable sculpted objects which are typically found buried at habitation sites. In the painted caves of western Europe, namely in France and Spain, we witness the earliest unequivocal evidence of the human capacity to interpret and give meaning to our surroundings. Through these early achievements in presentation and abstraction, we see a newfound mastery of the environment and a revolutionary accomplishment in the intellectual development of humankind. The painted walls of the interconnected series of caves in Lascar in southwestern France are among the most impressive and well-known artistic creations of Paleolithic humans. Although there is one human image, most of the paintings depict animals found in the surrounding landscape, such as horses, bison, mammoths, ibex, aurochs, deer, lions, bears, and wolves. We will write a custom essay on The Cave Art Paintings of the Lascaux Cave specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The depicted animals comprise both species that would have been hunted and eaten as well as those that were feared predators No vegetation or illustration of the environment is portrayed around the animals, who are represented in profile and often standing in an alert and energetic stance. Their vitality is achieved by the broad, rhythmic outlines around areas of soft color. The animals are typically shown in a tinted perspective, With the heads depicted in profile but the pair Of horns or antlers rendered frontally visible. The intended result may have been to imbue the images With more visual power and magical properties. The combination of profile and frontal perspectives is an artistic idiom also observed in ancient Near Eastern and Egyptian art. At Lascar and Chaplet another magnificently painted cave in France, images of animals are superimposed on top of earlier depictions, which suggests that the motivation for the paintings may have been in the act of portraying the animals rather than in the artistic effect of the final composition. However, their repose remains obscure. Most of the paintings are located at a distance from the caves entrance, and many of the chambers are not easily accessible. This placement, together with the enormous size and compelling grandeur of the paintings, suggests that the remote chambers may have served as sacred or ceremonial meeting places. In addition to the painted images, Lascar is rich with engravings of animals as well as abstract designs. In the absence of natural light, these works could only have been created with the aid of torches and stone amps filled with animal fat. The pigments used to paint Lascar and other caves were derived from readily available minerals and include red, yellow, black, brown, and violet. No brushes have been found, so in all probability the broad black outlines were applied using mats of moss or hair, or even with chunks of raw color. The surfaces appear to have been covered by paint blown directly from the mouth or through a tube; color-stained, hollowed-out bones have been found in the caves.

Reflections on Perception of Reality Essay Essays

Reflections on Perception of Reality Essay Essays Reflections on Perception of Reality Essay Essay Reflections on Perception of Reality Essay Essay I have ever believed in what I saw. what I heard. and what I experienced. As these elements play a important function of comprehending the universe around me. it is really difficult to mistrust the world. However. it was non a long ago that I began to chew over about this issue more deeply. What do I truly comprehend? Could I exactly explain our perceptual experience without the aid of scientific discipline? As I spend more clip believing about this absorbing issue. I realized that it is necessary to analyse how the nature of perceptual experience relates to world. and to science. The jobs of perceptual experience do non merely lie on the topic of metaphysics but besides on the context of epistemology. Discoursing wide philosophical places about the nature of perceptual experience is the first measure to organize my ain position on perceptual experience. Identifying and comparing sensible readings and support of assorted averments is hence a key to successfully solidifying my statement. I would wish to get down by presenting my thoughts on comprehending the universe that I am presently populating in. In my sentiment. my perceptual experience towards the universe would depend on how to cover with seemingly obvious truths about my experience of the universe with the possibility of peculiar types of perceptual mistakes. Although I make myself unfastened to the world. this fact of openness is sometimes frightened by the being of certain semblances. For this ground. philosophical hypothesis of perceptual experience demands to react to this menace by supplying an history of perceptual experience that preserves cardinal and important characteristics of perceptual experience. Materialism argues that there exists some order of world that is independent of the human head. consciousness. and perceptual experience. Harmonizing to philistinism. there is a existent stuff universe. which consists of affair and energy and obeys some natural Torahs independent of human head. Equally far as I understand. this epistemic philistinism argues that logical experience does non incorporate a theory about what world is. but instead about how we should handle world. This epistemic philistinism argues that all statements should be meaningful. and that in order to be meaningful a statement should be testable and verifiable. carving off metaphysics. Testable statements must so mention to scientific belongingss if perceivers are to hold. Therefore. statements of head. reflecting internal feelings. ideas. and motivations are nonmeaningful unless they display some physical alteration or behaviour. Materialism seems to offer a simple and efficient position on world. which so appears to be in understanding with our experience and observations. Furthermore. philistinism besides seems to be the lone metaphysics most consistent with scientific cognition. But if the philistinism was clearly to be true. the universe would be without purpose and my life would be perfectly meaningless. Both being a moral homo through free will and taking duties for immoral actions would be psychotic belief. This is surely non the instance for all of us. We. as human existences. strive to give significances and intents to our lives. Idealism. on the other manus. argues that there is no order of world independent of human heads and morality. It gives supreme power to heads over other physical values such as organic structure. Material substances would hold no being independent of head. or while bing. this world may exhibit human values and morality. It may besides be true that reality’s basic nature could be mind in that our apprehensiveness of world is more determined by head than affair. Most dreamers believe that there is a cardinal integrity to the universe which is merely greater than the amount of its parts. However. I think that there is a close connexion between the being of our morality and the existence as our values connote something more to the existence than merely affair. Torahs. and physical substances. I might hold become the alone branch through physical procedures. and my head could still qualitatively differ. My head may be self-actualizing while the remainder of nature and world could be still the kingdom of affair. The world hence would be able to incorporate head and affair at the same clip. I would besides wish to underscore the importance of the nature of cognition. We need to admit that our centripetal cognition is in fact progressive as non everyone has precisely the same perceptual experiences and feelings of external world. We are genuinely chained to our organic structures and could merely appreciate cocksurenesss in the privateness of our heads. Hence. I believe that our cognition and perceptual experiences of world could neer be perfect. Beyond what we could cognize. world may still dwell of physical readings. Constructionism argues that perceptual experiences consist of representations that are constructed by the head that express external world. And perceptual experiences both involve aim from the universe and capable stuff supplied by head. In other words. my perceptual visions are being constructed and my experience contains the representations of that world. Basically constructionism is the consequence of via media between philistinism and idealism. As the major focal point of constructionism is to unveil the ways in which persons behave to organize the creative activity of their sensed world. it involves looking at the ways the universe is being created and shaped into world. For this ground. I believe that world could be seen as a uninterrupted and dynamic procedure while it is reproduced by human existences moving on our readings and cognition. My belief is closely in line with this position of constructionism. I think that everyone tends to construe and build a world based on his or her experiences and interactions with fortunes. Although the universe outside our heads is considered to be nonsubjective and stuff. it may still be perceived subjectively by us. depending upon different values and ethical motives each one of us holds. The treatment of the nature of world and its perceptual experience. nevertheless. does non stop here. It is important to look at this issue from a different point of position ; epistemology dimension. There exist two utmost statements for depicting the nature of cognition linked to the perceptual experiences. Positive scientific discipline. which is based on philistinism. explains that the lone true cognition one could larn about the nature of world is chiefly dependent on scientific discipline which provides nonsubjective cognition. But this position does non to the full explicate the nature of cognition. Intuitionism. which is based on idealism. asserts that there are different signifiers of cognition that the head has entree to. Therefore. no empirical probe is really necessary. We could barely separate above two different thoughts about the nature of cognition as they are closely linked to each other. In my sentiment. scientific discipline is used to turn out and formalize our intuitionism by demoing the existent theoretical accounts and informations. They both so provide us with a sense of justification for the nature of cognition. Recognizing that there are different philosophical places about the nature of perceptual experience and its relation to world. and to science is indispensable to successfully understanding the nature of world and cognition. We have discussed readings and review of the cardinal beliefs that explain the relationship between perceptual experience and world. As we know. it is non easy to merely reason which theory is the most powerful in explicating such a complicated topic. I believe. nevertheless. that the constructionism is the most plausible theory that holds valid statement along with the combination of positive scientific discipline and intuitionism. How we perceive the world non merely depends on the physical universe and stuffs but besides on the experience and ethical motives we retain. Scientific information and methods every bit good as intuitionism and penetration do play a important function in back uping the conceptual infinite produced by wide philosophical places. Because perceptual experience is a dynamic difference between the efforts of the universe to enforce a world and our attempts to transform this world into our ain position. it is of import for us to develop our ain position bit by bit. Therefore. my initial place towards the nature of world and scientific discipline may still alter and subsequently determine a new theory as we go through more surveies and treatments in the class of psychological science.

Dissembled vs. Disassembled

Dissembled vs. Disassembled Dissembled vs. Disassembled Dissembled vs. Disassembled By Maeve Maddox A reader offers this interesting use of dissembled: On CNN a state department spokesperson just referred to our soldiers having dissembled some weapons in the hands of Iraqis. If what the soldiers did to the weapons was take them apart, then the word the spokesperson wanted was disassembled. If the soldiers were disguising the weapons in some way, then dissembled might work. To dissemble is to conceal the truth of a situation. Instead of lying outright, a person dissembles by putting a false appearance on things. To disassemble is to take apart. A large piece of furniture may have to be disassembled before it can be moved. The misuse of dissembled for disassembled by the State Department spokesperson is not an isolated example. Similar misuse may be found on websites offering advice and professional services. For example, a site offering paid educational services shows the segment of a teaching unit that lists ways to request help from foreign nations: Be able to request the help from foreign nations to  dissemble  the  weapons  of mass destruction. A site for a company that takes apart and removes play sets that are no longer wanted offers this information: If the play set is in good condition, [our company] will dissemble it and donate it to someone who can use it or hand it over to a donation organization which will find a person who can use it and not let it go to waste. A site offering instructions for taking a television set apart gives this warning: Safety goggles are very important. The CRT may implode while you are busy dissembling the TV or monitor. The government IRS site begins instructions for some kind of kit used in tax preparation this way: Review the sample in the following manner: 1. Dissemble the entire family pack of applications. Here are examples of the correct use of dissemble: McCain/Lieberman dissemble on AQ in Iraq Poole was as gracious as ever, but I could tell  he was dissembling. I wanted to tell him that  he was dissembling, that  dissembling  was ultimately dishonest. â€Å"I think he was dissembling to put it charitably,† said Cooper. â€Å"To imply that he didn’t know [] or that he heard it in some rumor out in the hallways, is nonsense.† Other ways to say disassemble: dismantle take apart take to pieces deconstruct break up strip down Other ways to say dissemble: dissimulate pretend feign act masquerade sham bluff posture hide one’s feelings put on a false front Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†8 Proofreading Tips And TechniquesWhat Is the Meaning of "Hack?"

MASTERPECIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MASTERPECIS - Essay Example He is talking about the loneliness he felt in the month of November accompanied by the misty lonely woods .The poet explains the beauty of the hills and experience of the trembling lake which exaggerated his loneliness. In this poem the poet is trying to connect with the objects of the magnificent nature to overcome his undying solitude. He takes the company of the nature and tries to reflect his solitude and despair with it. He finds the solitary element in all the objects of nature which is the situation of the heart of the poet. He resembles the sound of the village clock to that of a galloping horse which is full of energy. He his explaining the motion of the earth which we know is just like the moving fields shown in a passing train. He is trying hard to forma communion with nature and gets lightened by the extreme beauty and moves of nature. Comparison of William Wordsworth’s ideas with William Blake William Wordsworth and William Blake were great romantic poets of 17th century and described their feeling through the beauty of nature. Both of them had an undying love and passion for the nature and believed in the divinity existed in the universe. There can also be seen certain other comparisons between Wordsworth and Blake in how they admired the grace and benevolence of divine nature. Apparently, both these poets believed greatly in the imaginative power of the human being and praised the primitive instinct of a man. Both Wordsworth and Blake saw the characteristics of god in his vast creations and urged for the communion with the divine power. These poets are greatly influenced by the overpowering beauty and grace of the nature and strived to merge with nature to find God. According to Cutajar(2011)â€Å"In his poems such as The Prelude and Tintern Abbey, Nature is personified with Godlike characteristics and it becomes the object of love and worship. Wordsworth believed that this â€Å"natural piety† has given his life consistency and co herence†. This shows that how much Wordsworth was influenced by the nature and god Similar to Wordsworth, Blake also believe in harmony, serenity and divinity in the nature and wants to get back to the primitive nature of man.Applebaum(1996)writes that, â€Å"Serene will be our days and bright, And happy will our nature be, When love is an unerring light, And joy its own security†These lines of Blake depict the love and passion he had for nature and god same like Wordsworth. William Blake found the innocence in the nature which was real and authentic, and Wordsworth also idealized the uncorrupted glory of nature. It can be noticed that the both poets gave much emphasis on God and nature and their theme was exclusively God and universe. They both had the extreme awareness of god and divinity inside them and experienced this through the exalting beauty of nature. They instantly felt the mysterious beauty of nature which can never be altered or created by human at any cost . They were impressed by nature and is stunned by the divine play of God and craved to be a part o f him. Both these poet listen to the inner voice of their heart and connect themselves with the explicit charm of nature and God. Contrast in William Wordsworth’s ideas with William Blake Both William Wordsworth and William Blake were great poets of their time in England and Scenic beauty of the country was their inspiration. However,

Social capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Social capital - Essay Example Putnam, Leonardi and Nanetti in 1993 in their Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, defined the term â€Å"social capital† as â€Å"features of social organisation, such as trust, norms [or reciprocity], and networks [of civil engagement], that can improve the efficiency of society by facilitating coordinated actions† (Hobbs 2000). The World Bank defined it as â€Å"the institutions, relationships, and norms that shape the quality and quantity of a society’s social interactions† (Hobbs 2000). However despite the differences in perspectives, all believe that social networks are the most valuable assets for the society â€Å"just as a screwdriver (physical capital) or a college education (human capital) can increase productivity (both individual and collective)† (Putnam 2000, p. 19), in the same way forming social contacts are excellent for increasing the productivity of the individuals and even groups (Putnam 2000, p. 19). ... 2). In many of the western democracies of today, we can see the concept of community and social networks at all the civil, political as well as economical levels growing, giving an ample proof of the increase in social relations as the most important cause for maintaining sustainable communities in all the social, economic and democratic spheres of the society. These kinds of social relationships are said to be loaded with the social capital including all the norms or means of production that allow the people to join in the mutual agreement or work in a collective way. There are different traits of social capital like social norms, social network and trust (Productivity Commission 2003, p. x). Social norms are informal rules that formulate the behavior of the people in varying circumstances like showing tolerance and respect towards others etc as well as â€Å"reciprocity† like behavior with others in the way you expect others should behave with you. Similarly social network i s an interconnection between the different groups of people having common characteristics and traits for e.g. family or a religious group. The third one is trust which is simply the way to develop confidence with the people whom you are in contact. Trust is a main thrust of all the relationships and is the most important component for the well being and overall development of the human beings (Productivity Commission 2003, p. xi). Studies conducted on the sociology of economic development in the developing nations as well as around the â€Å"network capitalism† in East Asia have also diverted attention towards the importance of the social networks. In fact even in the Western economies, researchers have found out highly flexible form of â€Å"network

Gender and Underdevelopment in Non-western Societies :: Gender Equality Women Third World Essays

In Western societies women usually hold respectable jobs, the ability to make the choices of having and taking care of the children, cleaning their homes, cooking meals, doing the laundry and, most importantly, are allowed to be seen as an equal in society. In non-western societies women usually hold degrading jobs, deliver and take care of the children, clean their homes, cook meals, do the laundry and are seen as unequal. In Third World countries, women are seen as the poorest of the poor. They are rarely ever given the same opportunities as the women in western countries, or even the ones their own husbands have. There are two main problems which afflict non-western women. The first is the lack of access to productive resources. This means that the women of less developed countries have no capability to possess resources such as land, capital or skills. Land is not available to them because it is considered a male inheritance only. Capital is more accessible than land, due to the recent ability of women to own credit cards. Until recently, though, money was not something women could obtain very easily. Money, like land, is mostly controlled by the males of the society. Skills are not an option to women because it entails schooling which brings up the next difference. Unequal access to education and health care is the last difference. Schooling is not usually offered to women in less developed countries. The rate of illiteracy in women is a considerable amount higher than men. In some countries the rate between illiterate women and men is doubled. Health care is more available for male children. Baby girls often die at birth, either from lack of health care or by murder. The disappointment of the family's newborn being a girl often leads to murder. Male children are seen as more valuable than female children in Third World countries. Violence and injustices also greatly affect non-western women. Female circumcision, polygamy, the ease of divorce and violence against women, as well as the lack of access to productive resources and unequal access to education and health care, plague the women of the less developed countries. For the modernization of these non-western countries women must play a larger role than they do now. Without equality for women less developed countries cannot move forward. These affiliations are severe but they are resolvable. The Grameen Bank is a possible solution.

Opponents of abortion

Many opponents of abortion argue as follows: All human right beings have a right to life, the foetus is a human being, therefore the foetus has a right to life. Abortion, as a denial of this right, is accordingly morally wrong. Those who support abortion maintain, however, that the foetus is not a human being but a clump of cells, and that, even if it were a human being, its right to life may be outweighed by certain other rights possessed by a mother. These rights are the woman's right to self-defence and her right to control her body. When exactly does human life begin? There have been many divergent opinions. In the past there was a strong support for the view that life begins at birth. However, this view became increasingly unpopular as our knowledge of foetal development has increased and the more the distinction between the born and the unborn has been blurred by the advances in foetal photography. Others found greater significance in ‘quickening', the moment when the mothers feel her baby move; but this event, although doubtless of great emotional significance for the mother, is not regarded as significance for the growth of the foetus. A more common argument is to say that human life begins at conception. It is held that, since the development from the foetus to baby is continuous, it is purely arbitrary to choose any point other than the conception as the moment when one becomes a person. However this conclusion does not follow. One could say the same thing about the development from acorn to oak, but this does not mean that acorns are oaks: a distinction can be made between them. Similarly, a fertilized egg is unlike a person that, to suppose otherwise, is to stretch the meaning of ‘person' beyond all the normal usage. Hence the most accepted view, particularly among physicians, is to focus upon some interim point at which the foetus becomes ‘viable', that is, potentially able to live outside the mother's womb, albeit with artificial aid. But this argument has its own weaknesses, the most glaring being that the date of viability changes: in English law it has been reduced from twenty-eight weeks to twenty-four, though some agreed for eighteen weeks. Many find it offensive that whether one counts as a person depends on the shifting state of medical research. Some philosophers accept that the foetus is a person at conception. Anti-abortionists claim that it follows from this that the foetus, like all human beings, has the right to life, and that no other right can overweigh this right. However, there are in fact two rights which may override the right to life. The first is the woman's right of self-defence, in which the mother may end the life of the foetus if it threatens her own: and the second is the right of ownership to her own body, according to which she has the right to use her body in the way she wants and which may or may not include carrying a foetus to term. Unlike the right to self-defence, the right of ownership extends to cases where the mother's life is in danger. For example, if the woman has taken no contraceptives precautions, she has assumed responsibility for the unborn foetus and ought not to withdraw support; but if she has taken all possible precautions, she cannot be held responsible and may thus legitimately deny the foetus the use of her body. To continue the pregnancy in these circumstances is an act of charity on her part, but not a duty, and one which she cannot reasonably be expected to perform if the disadvantages to herself considerable. The right to life generates certain duties in others. Two in particular should be mentioned: the duty of non-interference and the duty to service. The duty to non-interference requires that no-one should interfere in another's life in a way that may threaten it. My right to life allows me to claim certain duties from others, the duties to service, and these may be claimed of those who are in business of seeing that my life is sustained (doctors, firemen, lifesavers). Both duties presuppose that being alive is in itself valuable and worth preserving, and that to save someone's life, or at least not to shorten it, is to benefit them. Normally this is true; but not always. Death from a bullet is probably preferable to death by starvation, and it is unlikely that a prisoner being tortured to death would accept a life-prolonging drug. Saving or prolonging someone's life is not therefore always to their advantage: in certain circumstances it might have been better if they had died earlier rather than later. Or, to put the matter another way, to say someone has the right to life, while true, does not necessarily mean that exercising that right will bring them benefit or that those who safeguard it are their benefactors. What matters is the quality of their life and their attitude towards it, and both may challenge the duties of non-interference and service. For cases may arise in which not only should the duty of non-interference be withheld in the interests of certain individuals- their lives are deliberately terminated- but withheld by the very people who have the duty of services toward them. Such cases introduce the problem of euthanasia. More recently it has come to mean ‘the action of inducing a gentle and easy death' and so refers mainly to those actions, usually performed by a doctor, in which a person's life is deliberately shortened or terminated. These actions are also known as ‘mercy killings' since the death involved must in some way end sufferings and therefore be in the person's own interest. This altruistic concern distinguishes these cases from the euthanasia programme introduced by Hitler in 1939 which gassed 275,000 people, mostly the physically or mentally sick elderly. They were not killed to relieve their suffering but because they were no longer able to work. These sinister possibilities continue to haunt discussions of euthanasia. Many believe that, once this form of killing is legalized, it will lead to others, to infanticide or euthanasia for the socially maladjusted or politically deviant. Others point to the risk of abuse by the members of the family and by all those who stand to gain by the death of someone old or sick. For the members of the medical profession the problems are more immediate and acute. Some doctors will have nothing to do with euthanasia, saying that their job is to save life and not to kill and pointing to the constant possibility of a wrong diagnosis or a new treatment. Others, meanwhile, have argued that, since medical science can prolong life almost indefinitely, what must now be protected is not so much a person's right to life but his right to die, and that to subject a patient to unnaturally slow and often painful deterioration, simply because it is technically possible, is not only uncivilised and lacking in compassion for patient and family alike, but also an infringement of individual liberty. This debate is further complicated by the fact that euthanasia applies to two different groups of person: those who can exercise their right to die and those who, because of their mental or physical conditions, cannot. Given the complexity of the issues involved, the court of human rights can't decide whether or not to deprive the sufferers from their rights to die. Furthermore, if the sufferers aren't allowed to end their life, should the court of law give us the right to end the life of foetus, which scientifically is considered a human being. In conclusion, I think that euthanasia should be legalized and that abortion should be denied. This is because the use of contraceptives these days has made it easier for women to control their pregnancy. An exception to this conclusion would be for women who get raped and who haven't got a control on what happens to them.

Developing an Appropriate Response to Child Abuse Essay

Child abuse is one of the fastest growing social problems in the United States. A social problem is, â€Å"a condition that a significant number of people believe to be a problem. A condition in which there is a sizable difference between the ideals of a society and its actual achievements† (Coleman et al. 2006:2). However, society has changed the way it views the issue, and is working towards finding a solution to this awful problem. Child abuse encompasses four main areas: physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. Child abuse is considered a sociological phenomenon because it is a learned behavior. Learning the social patterns as to why people abuse will give a better understanding to its reasons, and also the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The child abuse dilemma is complicated by yet another disturbing question. How can a society that is healthy conscious enough to require air bags in automobiles, limits on advertising for cigarettes, and war nings about alcohol consumption during pregnancy be so ineffectual about the neglect, abuse, and murder of its children?† (Costin 1996:5). There are often many different factors that lead to child abuse, which sometimes include more than the abusers state of mind, including their circumstances such as poverty, drugs, alcohol, and disability. However, the leading cause of child abuse is poverty. In a study done by the National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect, it was found that abuse is fourteen times more common in poor families whose income is under $15,000 (Bartholet 1999:4). According to Califano (2001), another reason for child abuse is substance abuse. Alcohol, crack cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin and marijuana are fueling this population explosion of battered and neglected children. Children whose parents abuse drugs and alcohol are almost three times likelier to be physically or sexually assaulted and more than four times likelier to be neglected than children of parents who are not substance abusers. The parent who abuses drugs and alcohol is often a child who wasShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Maltreatment On Brain Development And Its Consequences1150 Words   |  5 PagesDevelopment and its Consequences Abuse and neglect is , unfortunately, not an unusual occurrence in the lives of young children. The maltreatment that they experience often have harmful long-term effects that depend on many factors. These factors are dependent on the age of the infant/child at the time of the occurrence, the question of whether the abuse was a single event or a ritual norm, and the relationship with and the identity of the abuser, as well as whether or not the child had a nurturing presenceRead MoreNursing Research Questions: Community Programs for Substance Abuse920 Words   |  4 PagesPrograms for Substance Abuse: Substance abuse is one of the major issues affecting the community since many young people are either involved in the use of illicit drugs or the illicit use of legitimate drugs. As a result of this pressing issue, its important for various stakeholders to be actively involved in helping young people involved in substance abuse. The involvement of community members and leaders in fighting substance abuse is also fueled by the fact that drug abuse is a problem that canRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexual Abuse On Adolescents And Adults881 Words   |  4 Pagesphysically abusing their child. Aiden received negative messages throughout his childhood and adolescent years and this in turn became a self-fulfilling prophecy. Intervention strategies throughout his life span could have altered the course of the school shooting. Childhood Experiences Aiden experienced emotional abuse from his father throughout his childhood. Kent and Waller (1998 p393) argues† that emotional abuse is the â€Å"core† issue in childhood trauma.† The impact of this abuse is related to psychologicalRead MoreThe Church And Alcohol Abuse905 Words   |  4 PagesThe Church and Alcohol Abuse The Church s Teaching on the Use and Abuse of Alcohol The Scriptures and the practice of the Church see alcohol as a gift of God. The Psalms praise God who has given us wine to gladden our hearts, (Ps. 104,15) and the Gospel tells of Jesus providing wine for the wedding celebration at Cana. 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In these frameworks, families with screened-in child maltreatment reports might get either a customary examination or an alternative investigation response, contingent upon the kind of claim furthermore, different contemplationsRead MoreDeveloping Number Of Child Welfare Offices1231 Words   |  5 PagesWilluance Mesalien Nova Southeastern University Abstract A developing number of Child welfare offices are utilizing differential Response (DR) in a push to react all the more adaptably to child abuse and neglect reports and to better meet singular family needs. In these frameworks, families with screened-in child maltreatment reports might get either a customary examination or an alternative investigation response, contingent upon the kind of claim furthermore, different contemplationsRead MoreFoster Care Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesFoster care is care for children outside the home that substitutes for parental care. The child may be placed with a family, relatives or strangers, in a group home (where up to a dozen foster children live under the continuous supervision of a parental figure), or in an institution (McDonald). No matter the form of placement, this type of upheaval in a young child’s life is bound to cause the need for many adjustments. Aside from having to adjust to a different family, peers, schooling and possiblyR ead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society869 Words   |  4 Pagessplash of paint is a sequence of schema’s that are strategically placed on the canvas. Each are needed to cultivate the appropriate psychological, emotional, and physical response. Regrettably, if one splash is too harsh, the painting can be altered, damaged, or destroyed. Comparatively, like the painting, our sense of self is delicately ever changing with each interaction and response to an internal and external factor. A caregiver with a neglectful nature and/or an imbalance of neurotransmitters canRead MoreTda2.2 Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People1729 Words   |  7 Pagesensuring it is run effectively. An LSCB can cover more than one local authority area. Social services take a lead role in responding to children and families in need of support and help, undertaking enquiries following allegations or suspicion of abuse, undertaking assessments on families needing help or support, taking court action to safeguard and protect children, looking after and planning for children in the care of the council, ensuring that looked after children are safeguarded in a fosterRead MoreThe Effects Of Maltreated Children On Children1150 Words   |  5 PagesS19). The maltreatment of children is an issue that is happening around the world. Most people think about physical abuse being the most common form of maltreatment; however, emotional abuse accounts for â€Å"36%† ( Spinazzola et al 2014 p. S19) , and emotional neglect accounts for â€Å"52%†(Spinazzola et al 2014 p. S19) of identified child maltreatment cases. Most studies look at how abuse and neglect impacts children in many emotional and behavioral ways; meanwhile, nothing is c hanging when it comes to